YÖKDİL Okuma Paragrafı Çözümlü Örnek Sorular

Question 1

Fever is one of the most familiar signs of illness, yet it is often misunderstood. A fever is not simply the body overheating. When the immune system detects an infection, it releases chemical signals that act on a region of the brain responsible for regulating temperature. This region then raises the temperature that the body tries to maintain, much as one might turn up a thermostat. The person feels cold and may shiver, because the body is now below its new target and is working to produce and conserve heat. Once the infection is under control, the target returns to normal, and the body loses its extra heat through sweating. There is growing evidence that this rise in temperature is not merely a side effect of infection but part of the defence against it. Many bacteria and viruses multiply less efficiently at higher temperatures, while several activities of immune cells appear to become more effective. A similar response is found in many other animals, including some cold-blooded species that move to warmer places when they are infected, which suggests that it has long been useful for survival. These findings have led some doctors to question the common habit of lowering every fever with medicine. In most healthy people, a moderate fever is not dangerous in itself, and treatment mainly serves to make the patient more comfortable. Nevertheless, fever does have costs. It increases the body's demand for energy and oxygen, which can place a heavy burden on people with heart or lung disease. In such patients, and when temperatures become very high, lowering the fever remains an important part of care.

Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

Accepted Answer

Fever is a controlled response that may help fight infection but can harm some patients.

Answer

Fever occurs when the brain loses control of body temperature during a serious infection.

Answer

Fever is usually dangerous in itself and should therefore be lowered with medicine as soon as possible.

Answer

Fever helps immune cells to work more effectively, which is why cold-blooded animals also produce it.

Answer

Shivering and sweating are the two main ways in which the body destroys bacteria and viruses.

Question 2

Fever is one of the most familiar signs of illness, yet it is often misunderstood. A fever is not simply the body overheating. When the immune system detects an infection, it releases chemical signals that act on a region of the brain responsible for regulating temperature. This region then raises the temperature that the body tries to maintain, much as one might turn up a thermostat. The person feels cold and may shiver, because the body is now below its new target and is working to produce and conserve heat. Once the infection is under control, the target returns to normal, and the body loses its extra heat through sweating. There is growing evidence that this rise in temperature is not merely a side effect of infection but part of the defence against it. Many bacteria and viruses multiply less efficiently at higher temperatures, while several activities of immune cells appear to become more effective. A similar response is found in many other animals, including some cold-blooded species that move to warmer places when they are infected, which suggests that it has long been useful for survival. These findings have led some doctors to question the common habit of lowering every fever with medicine. In most healthy people, a moderate fever is not dangerous in itself, and treatment mainly serves to make the patient more comfortable. Nevertheless, fever does have costs. It increases the body's demand for energy and oxygen, which can place a heavy burden on people with heart or lung disease. In such patients, and when temperatures become very high, lowering the fever remains an important part of care.

According to the passage, a person whose fever is rising feels cold and shivers because ----.

Accepted Answer

the body is below the higher temperature the brain now aims for

Answer

the infection has damaged the part of the brain that controls temperature

Answer

the body has already lost too much heat through sweating

Answer

bacteria multiply more quickly when the body is cold

Answer

the medicine used to lower fever makes the body produce less heat

Question 3

Fever is one of the most familiar signs of illness, yet it is often misunderstood. A fever is not simply the body overheating. When the immune system detects an infection, it releases chemical signals that act on a region of the brain responsible for regulating temperature. This region then raises the temperature that the body tries to maintain, much as one might turn up a thermostat. The person feels cold and may shiver, because the body is now below its new target and is working to produce and conserve heat. Once the infection is under control, the target returns to normal, and the body loses its extra heat through sweating. There is growing evidence that this rise in temperature is not merely a side effect of infection but part of the defence against it. Many bacteria and viruses multiply less efficiently at higher temperatures, while several activities of immune cells appear to become more effective. A similar response is found in many other animals, including some cold-blooded species that move to warmer places when they are infected, which suggests that it has long been useful for survival. These findings have led some doctors to question the common habit of lowering every fever with medicine. In most healthy people, a moderate fever is not dangerous in itself, and treatment mainly serves to make the patient more comfortable. Nevertheless, fever does have costs. It increases the body's demand for energy and oxygen, which can place a heavy burden on people with heart or lung disease. In such patients, and when temperatures become very high, lowering the fever remains an important part of care.

The phrase 'the target' in the passage refers to ----.

Accepted Answer

the body temperature that the brain has set as its goal

Answer

the infection that the immune system has detected in the body

Answer

the region of the brain that is responsible for regulating temperature

Answer

the chemical signals that the immune system releases during an infection

Answer

the extra heat that the body loses through sweating after an infection

Question 4

Modern welfare states have started to redefine the relationship between citizens and public institutions since the second half of the twentieth century. Within this framework, governments in developed countries have increasingly provided free healthcare services, arguing that access to medical treatment should not depend on income. A study conducted across a range of European nations found that public investment in preventive medicine, such as vaccines, and in complex interventions, including kidney transplants, significantly increased life expectancy. Despite the high costs of such programs, policymakers point out that the long-term economic benefits, including reduced hospital admissions, outweigh initial expenditures. Others argue that even a small increase in taxation can finance these services sustainably. In this sense, the debate over healthcare financing has come to represent a broader ideological conflict between market-oriented and egalitarian approaches to social policy. When the original question was rephrased to ask whether universal healthcare improves overall productivity, most economists agreed that it does, since healthier populations contribute more effectively to economic growth.

What is the main idea of the passage?

Accepted Answer

The economic and social justification for universal healthcare in developed countries

Answer

The historical evolution of European taxation systems

Answer

The technical details of organ transplantation procedures

Answer

The ideological conflict between capitalism and socialism

Answer

The history of vaccine development in the twentieth century

Question 5

Modern welfare states have started to redefine the relationship between citizens and public institutions since the second half of the twentieth century. Within this framework, governments in developed countries have increasingly provided free healthcare services, arguing that access to medical treatment should not depend on income. A study conducted across a range of European nations found that public investment in preventive medicine, such as vaccines, and in complex interventions, including kidney transplants, significantly increased life expectancy. Despite the high costs of such programs, policymakers point out that the long-term economic benefits, including reduced hospital admissions, outweigh initial expenditures. Others argue that even a small increase in taxation can finance these services sustainably. In this sense, the debate over healthcare financing has come to represent a broader ideological conflict between market-oriented and egalitarian approaches to social policy. When the original question was rephrased to ask whether universal healthcare improves overall productivity, most economists agreed that it does, since healthier populations contribute more effectively to economic growth.

According to the passage, what did the study find regarding preventive medicine and complex interventions like kidney transplants?

Accepted Answer

They significantly increased life expectancy across the surveyed countries.

Answer

They led to a decrease in life expectancy due to high costs.

Answer

They had no measurable effect on public health outcomes.

Answer

They were rejected by most European governments.

Answer

They only benefited wealthy citizens who could afford them.

Question 6

Modern welfare states have started to redefine the relationship between citizens and public institutions since the second half of the twentieth century. Within this framework, governments in developed countries have increasingly provided free healthcare services, arguing that access to medical treatment should not depend on income. A study conducted across a range of European nations found that public investment in preventive medicine, such as vaccines, and in complex interventions, including kidney transplants, significantly increased life expectancy. Despite the high costs of such programs, policymakers point out that the long-term economic benefits, including reduced hospital admissions, outweigh initial expenditures. Others argue that even a small increase in taxation can finance these services sustainably. In this sense, the debate over healthcare financing has come to represent a broader ideological conflict between market-oriented and egalitarian approaches to social policy. When the original question was rephrased to ask whether universal healthcare improves overall productivity, most economists agreed that it does, since healthier populations contribute more effectively to economic growth.

It can be inferred from the passage that...

Accepted Answer

Investing in public health can be economically beneficial in the long run.

Answer

Universal healthcare is universally opposed by economists.

Answer

Kidney transplants are less important than vaccines in public health policy.

Answer

Taxation increases always harm long-term economic growth.

Answer

Market-oriented healthcare systems are more effective than egalitarian ones.

Question 7

Modern welfare states have started to redefine the relationship between citizens and public institutions since the second half of the twentieth century. Within this framework, governments in developed countries have increasingly provided free healthcare services, arguing that access to medical treatment should not depend on income. A study conducted across a range of European nations found that public investment in preventive medicine, such as vaccines, and in complex interventions, including kidney transplants, significantly increased life expectancy. Despite the high costs of such programs, policymakers point out that the long-term economic benefits, including reduced hospital admissions, outweigh initial expenditures. Others argue that even a small increase in taxation can finance these services sustainably. In this sense, the debate over healthcare financing has come to represent a broader ideological conflict between market-oriented and egalitarian approaches to social policy. When the original question was rephrased to ask whether universal healthcare improves overall productivity, most economists agreed that it does, since healthier populations contribute more effectively to economic growth.

In the passage, the phrase 'point out' is closest in meaning to...

Accepted Answer

emphasize

Answer

ignore

Answer

deny

Answer

question

Answer

dismiss

Question 8

Engineers have long known that a metal component can break under a load far smaller than the one it was designed to carry. The cause is usually fatigue, a gradual form of damage produced not by a single heavy force but by many repetitions of a modest one. Each time a part is bent, stretched or twisted and then released, microscopic changes accumulate in its structure. Eventually, a tiny crack appears, most often at a point where stress is concentrated, such as a sharp corner, a hole drilled for a bolt or a scratch left during manufacture. With every further cycle of loading, the crack grows a little longer, while the part continues to perform its function normally. Because the remaining sound metal still carries the load, there may be no visible sign that anything is wrong. Only when the crack has reduced the cross-section so much that the rest of the material can no longer bear the load does the component snap, often suddenly. This hidden progression explains why fatigue has been responsible for many unexpected failures in railway axles, aircraft and bridges. Designers now try to reduce the risk in several ways. They avoid sharp changes in shape, smooth the surfaces of critical parts and estimate how many cycles a component will experience during its working life. In addition, parts that cannot be allowed to fail are inspected at regular intervals with methods, such as ultrasound, that can reveal cracks hidden beneath the surface. The aim is not to prevent every crack from forming, but to find any crack and replace the part long before it becomes dangerous.

What is the passage mainly about?

Accepted Answer

How repeated modest loads gradually weaken metal parts and how engineers manage this risk

Answer

How ultrasound inspections have made it possible to predict the working life of metal parts

Answer

Why metal parts that carry heavy loads crack more often than those that carry light ones

Answer

How manufacturing flaws such as scratches cause railway axles and bridges to fail

Answer

Why engineers now try to design metal components that are completely free of cracks

Question 9

Engineers have long known that a metal component can break under a load far smaller than the one it was designed to carry. The cause is usually fatigue, a gradual form of damage produced not by a single heavy force but by many repetitions of a modest one. Each time a part is bent, stretched or twisted and then released, microscopic changes accumulate in its structure. Eventually, a tiny crack appears, most often at a point where stress is concentrated, such as a sharp corner, a hole drilled for a bolt or a scratch left during manufacture. With every further cycle of loading, the crack grows a little longer, while the part continues to perform its function normally. Because the remaining sound metal still carries the load, there may be no visible sign that anything is wrong. Only when the crack has reduced the cross-section so much that the rest of the material can no longer bear the load does the component snap, often suddenly. This hidden progression explains why fatigue has been responsible for many unexpected failures in railway axles, aircraft and bridges. Designers now try to reduce the risk in several ways. They avoid sharp changes in shape, smooth the surfaces of critical parts and estimate how many cycles a component will experience during its working life. In addition, parts that cannot be allowed to fail are inspected at regular intervals with methods, such as ultrasound, that can reveal cracks hidden beneath the surface. The aim is not to prevent every crack from forming, but to find any crack and replace the part long before it becomes dangerous.

According to the passage, a fatigue crack usually begins ----.

Accepted Answer

at points where corners, holes or scratches make stress build up

Answer

in the thickest section of the part, where the load is carried most heavily

Answer

beneath the surface, in areas that cannot be reached by ultrasound

Answer

after a single load greater than the one the part was designed to carry

Answer

only once the part has already begun to bend visibly under its load

Question 10

Engineers have long known that a metal component can break under a load far smaller than the one it was designed to carry. The cause is usually fatigue, a gradual form of damage produced not by a single heavy force but by many repetitions of a modest one. Each time a part is bent, stretched or twisted and then released, microscopic changes accumulate in its structure. Eventually, a tiny crack appears, most often at a point where stress is concentrated, such as a sharp corner, a hole drilled for a bolt or a scratch left during manufacture. With every further cycle of loading, the crack grows a little longer, while the part continues to perform its function normally. Because the remaining sound metal still carries the load, there may be no visible sign that anything is wrong. Only when the crack has reduced the cross-section so much that the rest of the material can no longer bear the load does the component snap, often suddenly. This hidden progression explains why fatigue has been responsible for many unexpected failures in railway axles, aircraft and bridges. Designers now try to reduce the risk in several ways. They avoid sharp changes in shape, smooth the surfaces of critical parts and estimate how many cycles a component will experience during its working life. In addition, parts that cannot be allowed to fail are inspected at regular intervals with methods, such as ultrasound, that can reveal cracks hidden beneath the surface. The aim is not to prevent every crack from forming, but to find any crack and replace the part long before it becomes dangerous.

It can be inferred from the passage that ----.

Accepted Answer

a part that seems to be working normally may already contain a growing crack

Answer

fatigue is a more serious problem in aircraft than in railway axles or bridges

Answer

cracks that start at a scratch grow more slowly than those that start at a bolt hole

Answer

regular ultrasound inspections can stop fatigue cracks from forming in critical parts

Answer

a part designed to carry a heavy load is unlikely to suffer from fatigue

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