YÖKDİL Fen Anlam Akışını Bozan Cümle Soruları

Metin 1

(I) Most materials expand when they are heated and contract when they cool, and engineers must take this into account when designing large structures. (II) Some materials, such as certain ceramics, have been specially developed to change their size very little over a wide range of temperatures. (III) A long bridge, for example, may become noticeably longer on a hot summer afternoon than it is on a cold winter night. (IV) If the ends of the bridge were fixed firmly in place, this change in length would create enormous forces that could crack the deck or damage the supports. (V) For this reason, bridges are built with expansion joints, gaps covered by interlocking metal plates that allow the structure to lengthen and shorten safely.

Metin 2

(I) Ocean currents are vital for transporting nutrients from the deep sea to sunlit surface waters. (II) This upwelling process supports the growth of phytoplankton, the base of the marine food web. (III) Many coastal regions rely on these nutrient-rich waters for their fishing industries. (IV) The melting of polar ice caps has accelerated in recent decades due to global warming. (V) Without such nutrient transport, marine ecosystems would be far less productive.

Metin 3

(I) Children of immigrant parents often grow up between two cultures, and this condition can eventually lead to a lack of a clear sense of identity. (II) Many children raised in developed countries by parents from different regions struggle to reconcile the differences between their home culture and the culture of their new land. (III) Global carbon emissions have risen sharply in the second half of the twentieth century, forcing developed nations to reconsider their energy policies. (IV) Some experts believe that these children later develop a hybrid identity that combines elements from both cultures. (V) However, others feel that without proper support, such children may face identity confusion well into adulthood.

Metin 4

(I) Clinical trials have historically underrepresented ethnic minorities, leading to gaps in understanding how treatments affect diverse groups. (II) A new class of drugs targets specific protein interactions to block tumor growth at the molecular level. (III) This lack of diversity can result in unforeseen side effects when medications are used across broader populations. (IV) Regulatory agencies now encourage sponsors to enroll participants that reflect the demographic composition of the target patient group. (V) Without such inclusive practices, the generalizability of trial outcomes remains severely limited.

Metin 5

(I) The reuse of construction materials has gained traction as a strategy to reduce the environmental footprint of the building industry. (II) Researchers have found that recycled steel and concrete can retain up to 90 percent of their original strength if processed correctly. (III) Many homeowners now prefer wooden furniture because it adds a warm and natural aesthetic to modern interiors. (IV) However, the long-term durability of reused materials depends heavily on the quality of sorting and cleaning at the demolition site. (V) Consequently, engineers are developing standardized protocols to ensure that recycled components meet safety requirements for new structures.

Metin 6

(I) Permafrost is ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years, and it lies beneath large areas of the far northern regions. (II) Much of it contains the remains of plants and animals that have been preserved by the cold for thousands of years. (III) As the climate warms and the permafrost thaws, microorganisms begin to break down this long-frozen organic matter. (IV) Thawing permafrost makes the construction of buildings and roads difficult, because the ground can shift and sink beneath them. (V) In doing so, they release carbon dioxide and methane, which add to the very warming that caused the thaw in the first place.

Metin 7

(I) In many agricultural regions, groundwater is pumped from aquifers faster than rainfall can replenish it. (II) As the water is removed, the fine clay layers within the aquifer lose the pressure that once supported them and gradually compact. (III) Groundwater is generally cleaner than river water because the soil filters out many contaminants as water seeps downward. (IV) This compaction causes the land surface above to sink, a process known as subsidence. (V) Unfortunately, the damage is largely permanent, since compacted clay cannot regain its capacity to store water even if pumping stops.

Metin 8

(I) Earthquakes are measured with instruments called seismometers, which record the vibrations of the ground at stations around the world. (II) During strong earthquakes, loose sandy soil that is saturated with water can suddenly lose its strength and behave like a liquid, a process known as liquefaction. (III) Normally, the grains of sand press against one another, and this contact allows the soil to support heavy loads. (IV) Violent shaking, however, makes the grains try to settle into a tighter arrangement, which raises the pressure of the water between them until they are no longer held firmly against each other. (V) As a result, buildings standing on such ground may tilt or sink, and buried pipes and tanks may even float up to the surface.

Metin 9

(I) Earthquake early warning systems aim to alert people a few seconds before strong shaking reaches them. (II) They rely on the fact that seismic waves travel much more slowly than the electronic signals sent by instruments located near the source. (III) Over millions of years, the slow movement of tectonic plates has also pushed up mountain ranges along certain boundaries. (IV) Once sensors detect the faster but weaker primary waves, computers estimate the size and location of the earthquake within moments. (V) A warning can then be issued so that trains slow down, surgeons pause delicate operations and people take cover before the more damaging waves arrive.

Metin 10

(I) Pure silicon is a poor conductor of electricity at room temperature because very few of its electrons are free to move. (II) Engineers therefore introduce tiny amounts of other elements into the silicon crystal in a process called doping. (III) Adding phosphorus supplies extra electrons, whereas adding boron creates holes that behave like positive charges. (IV) Silicon is obtained from ordinary sand, which is abundant in almost every part of the world. (V) By combining regions with these two types of doping, designers can build diodes and transistors, the basic components of modern electronics.

Metin 11

(I) Shape-memory alloys are metals that can return to a previously defined shape after they have been bent or deformed. (II) Titanium, one of the most common components of these alloys, is also valued in the aerospace industry because it is both light and strong. (III) This unusual behaviour arises from a reversible change in the arrangement of atoms within the metal when it is heated or cooled. (IV) Because the transformation can generate considerable force, such alloys are used in small actuators that operate without motors. (V) In medicine, they are employed in devices such as stents, which are inserted in a compressed form and then expand at body temperature.

Metin 12

(I) Modern water leak detection systems utilize acoustic sensors to identify the sound of escaping water. (II) Water is a precious resource that should be conserved whenever possible. (III) Smart meters also help by monitoring abnormal consumption patterns in real time. (IV) These sensors can pinpoint the exact location of a leak within a pipeline. (V) Early detection of leaks can prevent significant property damage and water waste.

Metin 13

(I) Public-key cryptography allows two parties who have never met to communicate securely over an open network such as the internet. (II) Each user holds a pair of mathematically related keys, one of which is shared openly while the other is kept secret. (III) A message encrypted with someone's public key can be decrypted only with the matching private key. (IV) Many users, however, still choose weak passwords that are easy to remember and just as easy for others to guess. (V) The security of this arrangement rests on mathematical problems, such as factoring very large numbers, that ordinary computers cannot solve in any reasonable amount of time.

Metin 14

(I) Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the process. (II) They work by offering an alternative reaction pathway that requires less energy to get started. (III) As a result, industrial processes that would otherwise demand very high temperatures can be carried out under milder conditions. (IV) This not only lowers energy costs but also reduces the formation of unwanted by-products. (V) Some metals used as catalysts, such as platinum, are also highly valued in jewellery because they do not tarnish.

Metin 15

(I) Quantum computers store information in qubits, which can exist in a combination of states rather than simply as zero or one. (II) This property could allow them to solve certain problems far faster than conventional machines. (III) However, qubits are extremely fragile, and even slight vibrations or changes in temperature can destroy the information they hold. (IV) Conventional processors, which handle information as a series of zeros and ones, have become cheap enough to be built into household appliances. (V) Researchers are therefore developing error-correction methods that spread each unit of information across many physical qubits so that errors can be detected and repaired.

Metin 16

(I) The proliferation of data centres has led to a dramatic increase in energy consumption worldwide. (II) Most of this energy comes from non-renewable sources, exacerbating the problem of greenhouse gas emissions. (III) In addition to energy, vast amounts of water are used to cool the servers, often straining local supplies. (IV) Cloud computing has enabled remote work, significantly boosting overall business productivity. (V) Without sustainable practices, the environmental toll of digital infrastructure will continue to grow.

Metin 17

(I) Volcanic ash poses a serious hazard to aircraft, even at great distances from the eruption that produced it. (II) Unlike the soft ash left by burning wood, it consists of tiny fragments of rock and glass that are hard and sharp. (III) When these particles enter a jet engine, the high temperatures melt them, and the resulting glassy deposits can block the flow of air through the engine. (IV) For this reason, aviation authorities track ash clouds with satellites and close the affected airspace until the danger has passed. (V) Volcanic soils are among the most fertile in the world, which explains why farming communities often settle near active volcanoes.

Metin 18

(I) Lithium can be obtained from salty underground water that is pumped into large ponds and left to evaporate over many months. (II) Thermal runaway is one of the most serious safety concerns associated with lithium-ion batteries. (III) It begins when heat generated inside a damaged or overcharged cell speeds up chemical reactions that, in turn, release even more heat. (IV) Once this self-reinforcing cycle has started, the electrolyte may vaporise and catch fire, and the failure can spread to neighbouring cells. (V) For this reason, modern battery packs are designed with temperature sensors and physical barriers that isolate a failing cell at an early stage.

Metin 19

(I) Sunspots are dark patches that appear from time to time on the visible surface of the Sun. (II) They look dark only because they are cooler than the surrounding surface, although they are still extremely hot by any earthly standard. (III) Their lower temperature results from intense magnetic fields, which restrict the flow of heat rising from the Sun's interior. (IV) The number of sunspots is not constant but rises and falls over a cycle of roughly eleven years, and periods with many spots are also marked by frequent solar storms. (V) The Sun as a whole is expected to go on shining in much the same way for several billion years, until the hydrogen in its core begins to run out.

Metin 20

(I) Climate change is one of the most pressing problems affecting individuals and regions all over the world today. (II) Together, governments and industries are working to reduce carbon emissions and develop clean technology that relies on renewable power sources. (III) Modern medicine has made remarkable progress in treating pain related to chronic illnesses over a short period of time. (IV) Thus, many countries have set targets to change their energy policies within the next few decades. (V) If these efforts continue across generations, the region's natural resources may always be preserved for the future.